The term 'Anti-Semitism' is an ambivalent expression referring to a suspected racial component and another indisputable language component. Both should not be mixed up because they are not necessarily describing the same group of people.
..... there remains no archaeological or scientific evidence of a common Semitic people. Because Semitic-speaking peoples do not share any traits aside from language, use of the term Semite to refer to the broad range of Semitic-speaking peoples has fallen out of favour. For this reason, some critics even encourage the removal of the hyphen in the term anti-Semitism to help dispel any pseudoscientific notions of a "Semitic race". They advocate instead for the use of 'Antisemitism' to describe the hostility toward or discrimination against Jews as a religious or racial group. [Encyclopaedia Britannica]
In addition to that, here some Basic Genetics:
Even though Jewish identity is traditionally passed on to their children through their mothers, there is no reason to relate genetic kinship among Jews to one of seven primordial mothers described by Bryan Sykes in his book 'Mitochondrial Eve' (2002).
When it comes to the term primordial mother, one should be aware that it refers only to the inheritance of the female mitochondria DNA (mtDNA). Although they have their own genome, it only accounts for about one percent of the genetic information of humans. The majority of human genetic information is located in the cell nucleus and is a mixture of genomes of countless great-great-great-great... grandmothers and grandfathers, which is not taken into account in Sykes' book. In addition, mutations occur at random intervals. Genetic kinship means not only having the same mitochondrion as someone else, but also having sequence similarities in DNA with someone else. If you want to do genealogy research, you should create a family tree based on DNA sequences and refer to old family documents.
The Jewish community of Israel is composed of different ethnic extractions. Israelite populations were always geographically dispersed, so that by the 19th century, Ashkenazi Jews were mainly located in Eastern and Central Europe. Sephardi Jews were largely spread among various communities which lived in the Mediterranean region. Mizrahi Jews were primarily spread throughout Western Asia, and other populations of Jews lived in Central Asia, Ethiopia, the Caucasus and India. As there is no common feature in ethnic diversity, it must be religion itself that makes the difference. In fact, what most non-Jews know of Jews is about their conviction of being 'Jehovah's Chosen People'. Unfortunately Jehova is identical to Allah in Islamic belief and Godfather in Christian belief while being the God of Abraham, the predecessor of all prophets. And who likes to be the 'second choice' of his God ? Such it needs nothing more than the observation of a strange behaviour or the outward demeanor of an orthodox Jew, seen as a manifestation of Jewish arrogance and pride, to trigger off feelings of inferiority and the urgent need to 'pay it back'. And here we have the origin of antisemitism. The feeling becomes even more intense when these non-Jews belong to a disadvantaged class of society.
Among other publications referring to the 'Holy Qur'an', there is a book in Arabic named
' The Characteristics of the Jews in the Holy Quran سيمات اليهود في القرآن الكريم ':
إن النعم الإلهية تفيض باستمرار على الخلائق، خصوصاً الإنسان، غير أن الله تعالى قد خص اليهود من بين سائر الأمم بعنايات خاصة وبارزة، وأتم عليهم الحجة في هذا الطريق، لكنهم بدلوا النّعمة كفراً وعناداً، وواجهوا نعم الله تعالى باللجاجة والتذرع حيناً، والإصرار على العناد في المواقع الخاطئة والمواقف غير المناسبة أحياناً، حتى استحقوا العذاب الإلهي على أفعالهم هذه؛ من كفران النعمة إلى عبادة الأهواء وحب الدنيا
" Divine blessings are constantly pouring out upon creatures, especially man. However, God Almighty has singled out the Jews from among all other nations for special and prominent blessings, and has completed the proof for them in this way. But they retaliated the blessings with disbelief and stubbornness and faced the blessings of God Almighty with persistence and pretext at times, and insistence on stubbornness. In the wrong places and sometimes inappropriate situations, to the point that they deserved divine punishment for their actions: From denial of grace to the worship of desires and love of worldly matters. " [Chapter 2: History of the Jews]
As 'Antisemitism' is a personal attitude, difficult to grasp by legal means because of its ambiguous definition, it is difficult to prosecute as well. For historical reasons, German lawmakers felt obliged to find a way to prosecute the manifestation of an 'antisemitism directed against the people of Jewish belief'.
Section 130 of the German criminal code therefore criminalizes certain types of hate speech. The law bans incitement to hatred and insults that assault human dignity against people based on their racial, national, religious or ethnic background. In post-World War II Germany, it has been used to prosecute racist and antisemitic threats and slurs.
Germany’s laws on hate speech and Holocaust denial stand in a sharp contrast to the U.S.A., where the First Amendment limits the role of government in restricting speech.
Semite is a name given in the 19th century to a member of any people who speak one of the Semitic languages, a family of languages spoken primarily in parts of western Asia and Africa. The term therefore came to include Arabs, Akkadians, Canaanites, Hebrews [generally referred to as 'Jews'], some Ethiopians (including the Amhara and the Tigrayans), and Aramaean tribes.
