PDF-file: 4 pages, 1.2 MB, republished August 11
A mutual defense treaty earlier signed by Saudi Arabia and Pakistan on September 17, 2025, finally got new importance. Now, Turkey also joined the alliance, which was formally established in talks in Mecca between Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Pakistani Prime Minister Sheikhbaz Sharif. Turkey's accession brought Turkey, a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), into an independent treaty that also united a nuclear power and one of the largest Arab economies.
Reports on August 7, 2026 stated that the three leaders met in Jeddah, while other accounts stated that the agreement was signed in Mecca. The agreement has since been known as the Mecca Agreement, but its full text has not been made public. However, available information indicates that the agreement demonstrates much greater cooperation than the ordinary military partnerships previously maintained in Riyadh, Ankara and Islamabad, although states still each follow their own troop deployment procedures.
Any armed attack against any of the three states must therefore be considered an attack on all the signatory states.The guarantee is based on the right to self-defence recognized in Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations. This wording establishes a collective guarantee covering a vast area from Anatolia to South Asia, including the Arabian Peninsula. However, it did not specify the nature of the expected assistance, the time of response, and the conditions under which Turkish, Saudi Arabian or Pakistani forces would be deployed.
Russia Today Radio (RT) reported that the agreement signed by the three countries has sparked discussion about the establishment of a NATO-like bloc, which could change the regional balance of power.
The report stated that the military alliance between the three Sunni Muslim states had strong symbolic significance in conflict-torn areas. All three countries have very strong assets: Pakistan is the only Muslim country with a nuclear arsenal; Turkey has a strong defense industry and NATO's second-largest army; and Saudi Arabia, the world's largest crude oil exporter, has strong financial resources in addition to its army with a large number of U.S. weapons.
Since April 2026, some information that has not yet been fully publicly recorded has been circulating, covering Islamabad sent 8,000 troops to Saudi Arabia, 16 JF-17 Block III fighter jets, a drone squadron and HQ-9 air defense systems.These resources were reportedly deployed during Iran's attack on the Kingdom. However, the deployment of these resources, the level of readiness and the chain of command have not been officially detailed, so it is impossible to determine the exact size of Pakistan's operations or their level of integration with the Saudi forces.
The Turkish Armed Forces, the 2nd largest military force in terms of NATO personnel, are now operating in Syria, Iraq, the Black Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean. In addition, Ankara has a well-developed aerospace and electronics technology base, with core businesses including Turkish Aerospace, Rocket Manufacturing and Aselsan. However, Turkey's accession to NATO doesn't imply that its new allies will also be protected by NATO. The Mecca Agreement is legally independent of the Treaty of Washington, and in crises involving Riyadh or Islamabad, it is not binding on Turkey's other allies.
Individual partnerships within the new alliance must cover production of military equipment, unmanned systems and electronic warfare countermeasures simultaneously.
Riyadh can provide financial capacity and logistics, while Turkey has an industrial complex for the production of drones, missiles, armoured vehicles and warships. Pakistan can add combat experience, its own military production facilities and its status as a nuclear power. Implementation of national projects can reduce partial dependence on external suppliers, but this dependence cannot be completely eliminated in the short term.
In a statement from the organization, the Secretary-General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Hisein Brahim Taha, said that he expressed strong appreciation and support for this agreement and called it a reflection of the three countries' commitment to strengthening regional and international cooperation. Important strategic steps.
Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan announced two days ago that he expected Egypt's accession "in the next stage" to the joint defense agreement, which was concluded last Friday between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Ankara. Although Cairo has not yet announced an official position on joining the agreement.
[Different sources on August 7-11, 2026, 土耳其-沙特阿拉伯-巴基斯坦协议]
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