Saturday, November 22, 2025

Japan's Establishment trying to Solve Crisis with China

Latest on Nov. 23 :
Takaichi currying favour with India's PM Narendra Modi
might have recognized Donald Trump as a shaky ally.


On November 7, 2025, Japan's PM Takaichi appeared at the conference and immediately threw out a statement that made East Asian relations tense. She linked the situation in the Taiwan Strait to Japan's national security, claiming that if China used force, the Japan Self-Defense Forces would mobilize. Her extreme right-wing stance was particularly prominent at this moment, and the historical shadow of Japan's colonization of Taiwan 80 years ago reappeared.

Celebrity talk show host: Takaichi will also accelerate the resolution of the Ryukyu issue.
[Editor's Note: The 'Ryukyu issue' is referring to an unsettled problem regarding
Okinawa island which had gained a special status after Japan's defeat in 1945.]


The remarks by Takaichi shocked veteran politicians, as no Japanese prime minister has ever so bluntly escalated the Taiwan issue to the level of national survival. She tore apart the strategic ambiguity that the Japanese government had maintained for years, turning the Taiwan Strait issue from a diplomatic probe into a political collision.

The talk show host: Takaichi will also accelerate the resolution of the Ryukyu issue, and the provocations of the extreme right will trigger a chain reaction.

China reacted strongly. On November 8, Xue Jian, the Chinese Consul General in Osaka, warned on social media that Gao's comments should be "cut off without hesitation" as "filthy heads" should be "cut off without hesitation." Lin Jian, a spokesperson for the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, also pointed out that Gao's comments were a gross interference in China's internal affairs and seriously violated the "one China" principle and the spirit of the four political documents between China and Japan.
..........
Japan's reaction was swift, with former Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda and Yukio Hatoyama criticizing Takaichi as "precipitous" and "inciting a crisis," believing that she was looking for an excuse to expand the military.

Chief Cabinet Secretary Katsunobu Kato later reaffirmed the 1972 Joint Statement between China and Japan, and would not challenge China's core interests.

Takaichi had hoped the United States would support her, but Trump responded coldly, saying that he had good relations with China and that many allies took advantage of the United States in trade more than China did.

[Chinese Military Source on November 19, 2025]



Tuesday, November 18, 2025

" Quiet Piggy - It's the Corruption, Stupid "
Trump Under Pressure - Epstein Files - Business Scheme


On Tuesday, both, House of Representatives & Senate took the significant step of ordering President Donald Trump’s Justice Department to publicly release all of its investigative files into the late convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, after months of nasty infighting within the Republican GOP.

The House voted 427-1 to pass the measure, with Rep. Clay Higgins of Louisiana the only member voting against it.

Now, the bill must head for Trump's desk. The president has said he’ll sign the bill if Congress passes it, after months of calling the issue a “Democratic hoax.”

Trump's decision came after a heated dispute between him and one of his once most loyal female supporters, Marjorie Taylor Greene, who decided to break with Trump and support instead the case of Epstein victims. Further more, she accused Trump of promoting business chances to foreign countries.

The disclosure of the Epstein files is feared to endanger the reputation of further high-ranking members of US society, possibly including Trump himself.

As to jobs lost for US citizens in the frame of Trump's business scheme of promoting chances to foreign governments, California Governor Newsom blew the fuse:


The stance of "Quiet Piggy" refers to what Trump said to a female journalist when being
asked why not release the Epstein files when he regards himself as not being involved.


Sunday, November 16, 2025

China vs Japan - A Looming Conflict on Taiwan ?

Last Update included November 17 / 18:


According to the Voice of America in Chinese as quoted by a German Chinese language source, Japan's recently elected first female Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi's comments on Taiwan sparked a heated exchange between China and Japan. On Thursday (Nov. 13), China's Vice Foreign Minister Sun Weidong summoned Japan's Ambassador to China, Kaneshige Kaneshige, to protest Takaichi's remarks.

Sanae Takaichi said on Friday (November 7) at the Imperial Diet (Japanese Parliament) that if China were to take an attack against Taiwan, it could be considered a "situation that threatens Japan's survival," implying that Tokyo might take military action if a conflict were to break out across the Taiwan Strait.

Previously, Japanese leaders avoided mentioning Taiwan when discussing similar issues in public, in order to maintain the "strategic ambiguity" stance that Tokyo shares with its main security ally, the United States.

Although Takaichi later said she would not make similar statements again, Tokyo called on both sides to work to ease tensions on Tuesday, but several Chinese state media commentaries suggested that the controversy may continue.

On the 13th, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian said that Takaichi "openly made explicit provocative remarks about Taiwan in the Diet" and questioned whether Japan, on the 80th anniversary of the World Anti-Fascist War, is trying to repeat the mistakes of militarism by bringing up the "existential crisis situation."

Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Sun Weidong criticized Takaichi's statement in a news release on the 14th, saying that it "implies possible military intervention in Taiwan issues, which is extremely serious in nature" and is a gross interference in China's internal affairs and a challenge to China's core interests. He said, "If the Japanese side dares to intervene militarily in the Taiwan situation, it will constitute an act of aggression, and China will certainly fight back head-on," and demanded that the Japanese Prime Minister retract the relevant statement.

On Nov. 14, the Chinese Ministry of National Defense responded to Democratic Party's female politician Makiko Tanaka's "Taiwan matters" statement, saying, "If Japan does not deeply learn from historical lessons, dares to take risks, and even intervenes in the Taiwan Strait situation with force, it will be crushed by the iron wall of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and pay a heavy price."




Taiwan video broadcast two days ago:

不甩中國召見大使抗議! 日本政府:對台立場不變
「台有事恐成日存亡危機」 高市強硬:能行集體自衛權
川普現身橫須賀基地!讚高市「真正贏家」 准交付F-35用飛彈
川普預言高市早苗將成「最偉大首相」 直喊:安倍以你為傲!
選第三任?先當副手再繼任總統 川普:太取巧了
美日「黃金時代」協議簽了!校閱小插曲 高市張嘴傻眼
亞州行第二站!川普今上午會晤日本新首相高市早苗

Ignoring China's summoning of the ambassador to protest! Japanese government: stance on Taiwan remains unchanged. "If Taiwan is in trouble, it could be a matter of life and death," Koo said firmly: "We can exercise the right of collective self-defense." Trump appears at Yokosuka Base! Praises Takaichi as the "real winner" and approves F-35 missile delivery.

[Editor's Note: Trump's approval comes at the same time he agreed to a similar F-35 delivery to Saudi-Arabia while denying that Saudi Crown Prince Bin Salman had been involved in the murder of Saudi critic Kashoggi in the country's consulate of Istanbul. This war plane delivery is strongly opposed by Israeli sources argueing that Saudi F-35 are "very much looking like F-35 delivered to Israel" (Times of Israel, Nov.18). Therefore: "Deals with the Devil Aren’t What They Used to Be" (The New Yorker, 2024) ]

Trump predicted that Takaichi would become the "greatest prime minister" and said, "[Assassinated predecessor Shinzo Abe] would be proud of you!". Choose the third? First be the vice president then succeed the president, Trump: too cunning.

The "Golden Age" agreement between the US and Japan has been signed! A proofreading mishap left Mayor Chang speechless. Asia trip, stop two! Trump meets with Japan's new prime minister, Takaichi, this morning.





Tuesday, November 11, 2025

US Tariff Follies :
Trump Promising 2.000 $ Dividend for Each Citizen


"People that are against Tariffs are FOOLS!" Trump said on Truth Social on Nov. 9. "A dividend of at least $2000 a person (not including high income people!) will be paid to everyone."

His comments came after the Supreme Court heard arguments on whether Trump's tariffs are legal and as he tried to reclaim success on the economy after Democrats won big in state and local elections on Nov. 4. It isn't the first time he's floated a direct check to Americans. He previously said he would consider giving some money cut from federal agencies under the work of Elon Musk's Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) back to the public. That never happened.

The president reiterated that there would be a "dividend" in Oval Office comments on Nov. 10.

“We’re going to issue a dividend to our middle income people and lower-income people of about $2,000 and we’re going to use the remaining tariffs to lower our debt, we’re going to be lowering our debt, which is a national security thing,” Trump said in the Oval Office on Monday afternoon.

[USA News, 6 hours ago]



Sunday, November 02, 2025

Gaza Archaeology :
What could be Rescued from 5000 Years of History

Essential Update on November 3 => Document added on Historic Research


Sauvées de la zone de guerre de Gaza lors d'une opération internationale "de nuit et de brouillard": Des découvertes archéologiques prouvent l'importance de Gaza en tant que ville commerciale importante de l'Antiquité, qui a été exposée à de différentes influences culturelles.

Rescued from the Gaza war zone in an international " night and fog operation ": Archaeological finds prove the importance of Gaza as an important trading city of antiquity, which was exposed to different cultural influences.


=> Gaza et les Tribus de la Région / Gaza und die Stämme der Region <=
French-German bilingual edition of my latest project in historic research:
Gaza and the Regional Tribes - A Conflict in the Cradle of World Religions.
Final version available since November 7.



Description for two of the archaeological sites
that provided the artefacts exhibited here.
Yet, there is even more to discover.


The exhibition " Treasures rescued from Gaza " is still open
at the Institute of the Arabic World in Paris, France.

L'exhibition " Trésors sauvés de Gaza " est encore ouverte
a l'Institut du Monde Arabe (IMA) de Paris, France.

........................




Sunday, October 19, 2025

Hamas accused of Breaking Ceasefire - Israeli Airstrikes on Rafah - Ben Gvir Calling for Resuming War




حدث أمني في رفح ونتنياهو يجري نقاشا مع وزير الأمن والجيش لبحث كيفية الرد على الخروقات في غزة
Security incident in Rafah, Netanyahu holds a discussion with the Minister of Security and the Army to discuss how to respond to breaches in Gaza.

[Al-Arabyia TV referring to Israel's TV Channel 12, October 19 at approx. 12:00]

عاجل: إسرائيل تتهم حماس بانتهاك اتفاق وقف إطلاق النار والجيش يشنّ غارات في غزة
Urgent: Israel accuses Hamas of violating the ceasefire agreement, and the army launches raids in Gaza
قال الجيش الإسرائيلي، الأحد، إن مقاتلي حركة حماس نفذوا "هجمات متعددة" ضد قواته خارج المنطقة العازلة المعروفة بـ"الخط الأصفر"، شملت إطلاق قذائف صاروخية ونيران قناصة، واصفا ذلك بأنه "انتهاك صارخ" لاتفاق وقف إطلاق النار. من جهتها، نفت حماس الاتهام على لسان القيادي عزت الرشق مؤكدا التزام الحركة باتفاق وقف إطلاق النار. ميدانيا، نفذ الجيش الإسرائيلي هجوما جديدا استهدف رفح في قطاع غزة بضربات جوية. وفق وسائل إعلام إسرائيلية

The Israeli army said on Sunday that Hamas fighters carried out "multiple attacks" against its forces outside the buffer zone known as the "yellow line," which included rocket fire and sniper fire, describing it as a "flagrant violation" of the ceasefire agreement. Hamas denied the accusation through spokesman Aziz al-Rishq, confirming the movement's commitment to the ceasefire agreement. On the ground, the Israeli army carried out a new attack targeting Rafah in the Gaza Strip with airstrikes. According to Israeli media.


[France24 Arabic on October 19, 11:44]



Thursday, October 09, 2025

Hamas Declared Having Reached an Agreement on Gaza


حماس تعلن التوصل لاتفاق يقضي بإنهاء الحرب على غزة
الحركة قالت إن "الاتفاق يقضي إنهاء الحرب على غزّة، وانسحاب الاحتلال منها، ودخول المساعدات، وتبادل الأسرى


أعلنت حركة المقاومة الإسلامية "حماس"، فجر الخميس، التوصّل إلى اتفاق يقضي بإنهاء الحرب على قطاع غزّة، وانسحاب إسرائيل منه، ودخول المساعدات للقطاع، وتبادل الأسرى

وقالت الحركة، في بيان، إنه "بعد مفاوضات مسؤولة وجادّة خاضتها الحركة وفصائل المقاومة الفلسطينية حول مقترح الرئيس ترامب بهدف الوصول إلى وقف حرب الإبادة على شعبنا، وانسحاب الاحتلال من القطاع تعلن حماس التوصل إلى اتفاق يقضي بإنهاء الحرب على غزّة، وانسحاب الاحتلال منها، ودخول المساعدات، وتبادل الأسرى

وأضافت: "نقدّر عالياً جهود الإخوة الوسطاء في قطر ومصر وتركيا، كما نثمّن جهود الرئيس الأمريكي الساعية إلى وقف الحرب نهائياً وانسحاب الاحتلال بشكل كامل من غزة


Hamas announces reaching an agreement to end the war on Gaza.
The movement said that "the agreement calls for an end to the war on Gaza, the withdrawal of the occupation, the entry of aid, and the exchange of prisoners."


The Islamic Resistance Movement "Hamas" announced on Thursday morning that it had reached an agreement to end the war on the Gaza Strip, Israel's withdrawal from it, the entry of aid into the Strip, and the exchange of prisoners.

In a statement, the movement said that "after responsible and serious negotiations between the movement and the Palestinian resistance factions on President Trump's proposal to end the war of genocide against our people and the withdrawal of the occupation from the Gaza Strip, Hamas announces that it has reached an agreement to end the war on Gaza, the withdrawal of the occupation, the entry of aid, and the exchange of prisoners."

She added, "We highly appreciate the efforts of the mediator brothers in Qatar, Egypt, and Turkey, as well as the efforts of the American president seeking to end the war permanently and the complete withdrawal of the occupation from Gaza."


[Anadolu Agency, Turkish news on October 9, at 03:00 CET]

First News from Reuters & swissinfo.ch:

Hamas announces reaching an agreement to end the Gaza war
and calls on guarantors to compel Israel to implement it.




First Global Voices at 09:00 CET:


Donald Trump


Voices from Europe on X and the Arabic website of Deutsche Welle:
Kaja Kallas (EU Representative on Foreign Affairs)
Steffen Seibert (German Ambassador to Israel):





Saturday, October 04, 2025

US Intelligence: Netanyahu ordered
Drone Attack on Steadfastness Flotilla

Important UPDATE on October 5 included:

According to Arabic media, drone attacks on the 'Steadfastness Flotilla' while being moored in the port of Tunis have been ordered directly by Netanyahu. This should have been indicated by two US intelligence officers who spoke under condition of anonymity to an American media source.

Confirmation of the Al-Arabiya News
article by CBS News on October 3.




المخابرات الأميركية تكشف تفاصيل الهجوم على أسطول الصمود قبالة تونس

نتنياهو أمر بشن هجمات بالمسيرات على أسطول الصمود قبالة تونس الشهر الماضي


US Intelligence reveals details of the attack on the 'Steadfastness Flotilla' off Tunisia.

Netanyahu ordered drone attacks on the 'Steadfastness Flotilla' off Tunisia last month.


[Al-Arabiya News October 4, 2025, 9 hours ago]



هستيريا بن غفير تنسف رواية إسرائيل

Ben Gvir's hysteria undermines Israel's narrative.

Here's an article from Jerusalem Post
offering some background information.


نشطاء أسطول الصمود يصلون إلى إسطنبول

Steadfastness Flotilla activists arrive in Istanbul.


Latest reports from Western media are saying that more than one hundred activists captured in Israeli waters near Gaza are going to be repatriated.



This seems to be activist news
dating back to October 3 when
the flotilla reached a critical point.

Saturday, September 27, 2025

- Global Relief Flotilla to Gaza -
Now Escorted by Italian & Spanish War Ships

Update of German article:
Die Europäischen Juden und Ihre Nachbarn - Eine historische Spurensuche (Sept. 25 version)


Yesterday, September 26, Italian prime minister Giorgia Meloni and Spanish prime minister Pedro Sánchez declared their firm will to protect an international flotilla of small boats, underway to Gaza in a relief operation. An Italian frigate is already on its way; a Spanish warship will follow today from the port of Cartagena. The flotilla comprises over 50 vessels with thousands of participants from more than 44 countries, making it the largest civilian-led convoy of its kind in our time.

The Italian premier has requested that a humanitarian corridor be opened to send the aid the Flotilla is carrying for delivery to Palestinians in Gaza through Cyprus. The initiative will see the aid being distributed via the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem.
[euro news, September 29, 2025]


La flotilla Global Sumud será escoltada por España e Italia [FRANCE 24 Español, September 26]
The flotilla Global Sumud [Arabic for 'steadfastness' or 'resilience']
will be escorted by Spain and Italy.


Related subjects covered by FRANCE 24 in its Spanish program on Sept. 26, 2025:

"Quiero ver a Netanyahu ante un tribunal de justicia internacional": Gabriel Boric
134.672 Visitor Hits
"I want to see Netanyahu before an international court of justice." [Commentator]

"EE. UU. designará a Tony Blair como gobernante de transición en Gaza": 'Haaretz'
1557 Visitor Hits
"The US will appoint [former British prime minister] Tony Blair as transitional ruler in Gaza." [Israeli daily 'Haaretz']

Boicoteado en la ONU, Netanyahu dijo que continuará la invasión en Gaza y no habrá Estado palestino.
2847 Visitor Hits
Boycotted at the UN, Netanyahu said the invasion of Gaza would continue
and there would be no Palestinian state.


"Trump es cómplice del genocidio en Gaza": Gustavo Petro en la Asamblea General de la ONU
186.309 Visitor Hits
"Trump is accomplice in the genocide in Gaza." [Colombian president Gustavo Petro before the UN General Assembly]

Saturday, September 13, 2025

Stunning ! - Algeria & Pakistan Confront Israel at the UN

Update on Gaza War & US plannings
added further down on September 16:


Following the unprecedented Israeli attack on a Hamas delegation in Qatar, Algeria and Pakistan confront Israel in a special session of the UN Security Council naming the Jewish state a ruthless occupier.

This comes shortly after the Qatari government described itself as being traited. It should be known that Qatar acted as a globally accepted mediator in talks with the Hamas which is until now still ruling the Gaza Strip. Qatar's financial support had always been restricted to the political branch of Hamas and which had been appreciated in the past even by, both, the US and Israel as both sides liked to avoid the Hamas organization getting under full control of Iran.
[Source: BR24, Germany]

The following video from WLA (We love Africa) comes with the help of UN TV:



Arab and Muslim leaders gathered in Doha following Israel’s airstrike targeting Hamas leaders in the Qatari capital. During the summit, the leaders reportedly adopted a joint statement which condemned the attack and called for urgent measures to stop Israel’s military actions in Gaza. The draft statement, seen by AFP but not officially released, urged all states to review and reconsider their ties with Israel. It also called for legal proceedings against Israel over its actions against Palestinians. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) leaders announced plans to hold a defense meeting in Doha to assess and activate joint defense mechanisms in response to the attack on their soil. [Times of India TOI on September 16, 2025]




Gaza War & US Plannings:

The Washington Post has released information from a prospectus outlining the Trump administration's proposed plans for post-war Gaza. The proposal suggests the voluntary relocation of residents during the reconstruction phase. While the plan has been welcomed by Israel’s far-right, human rights groups warn it could accelerate the ethnic cleansing of Gaza. [France 24 on 1st September 2025]



Gaza City residents evacuating their apartments in a hurry in front of an announced Israeli attack.
[Associated Press AP on September 8, 2025]





Saturday, August 23, 2025

Die Europäischen Juden - Eine Spurensuche

Update added on August 27
for a related Jewish subject.


Eine neue Dokumentation vom Herausgeber dieses Blogs zielt auf deutschsprachige Leser ab, die etwas mehr über die Geschichte der Europäischen Juden und ihre Interaktion mit den Völkern in Spanien, Frankreich, Deutschland und Osteuropa erfahren möchten.

Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf dem Mechanismus ihrer Ausbreitung, der einen Eindruck von den politischen Verwerfungen der letzten tausend Jahre gibt. Dabei werden auch die Folgen einer isolierten Entwicklung bestimmter Gruppen in Mittel- und Osteuropa betrachtet.

Die Erkenntnisse aus einer Recherche, die auf der Auswertung von Dokumenten in spanischer, französischer und arabischer Sprache beruht, sind zum Teil frappierend und geben einen tiefen Einblick in die Entstehung und Interaktion wichtiger jüdischer Teilgruppen wie die Sephardim und die Ashkenasim:

=> Die Europäischen Juden und Ihre Nachbarn - Eine historische Spurensuche <=

........................


Related Subject:


Tay-Sachs is probably the best known “Jewish” disease. As many as one in 25 Ashkenazi Jews is a carrier of the defective recessive gene.
...............
The disease leads to paralysis, blindness, seizures and eventually total incapacitation and death. ...............
Genetic screening for Tay-Sachs has been available for more than three decades. Yet there are still widespread misconceptions among health care providers, rabbis and the general population about who is at risk for Jewish genetic diseases, who should undergo carrier screening and how those tests should be done, JGDC’s Yudenfriend Glaser said. “I can’t tell you how many people say, ‘Oh, I’m married to a non-Jew’ or ‘Oh, I’m going to get married to a non-Jew. I don’t need to worry about that,’” she said. “Is it a smaller likelihood? Yes, but we’ve seen enough Tay-Sachs babies” to know that interfaith couples are still at risk.

Also at risk are couples in which neither partner is Jewish. Although mutations for certain genetic diseases may be far more common in Ashkenazi Jews and some other high-risk populations, they can also be found in the general population. One in every 300 people is thought to be a carrier for Tay-Sachs; one in every 200 for Gaucher [One in 10 Ashkenazi Jews according to Natl. Gaucher Foundation]. But for many other Jewish diseases, the general carrier frequency is unknown because screening for these mutations has focused on high-risk populations.

[FORWARD, Jewish Independent Nonprofit, 2013, Original Article ]

........................




Saturday, August 16, 2025

Trump - Putin Meeting Ended Without Concrete Result



In the end, Putin's limo seems to be more comfortable .....
[As shown on a picture taken during the Beijing conference which
summoned China, Iran, Russia & North Korea in September 2025.]



As expected, the meeting between the Russian and the US president ended as nothing more than a friendly encounter. There will be no immediate ceasefire in Ukraine.

At least, Trump received an invitation to another meeting in Moscow.

In addition there is nothing but a nebulous declaration on some kind of results that have been achieved; but they don't tell us what it is. As Putin brought with him a big delegation of business representatives, there might be some Russian business offer fitting into Trump's private business plannings. Who knows ?

Timeline: After Putin stepped from his Ilyushin IL-96 plane at Elmendorf-Richardson Airbase in Anchorage, Alaska, he joined Trump in the presidential limo on Trump's invitation. Later they had one-to-one talks that were followed by talks between experts from both sides.

Russia's ambassador to Washington earlier said he was expecting a positive outcome of the meeting, however no real breakthrough.

Further news: Another Russian attack on Ukraine has happened just a few hours ago.

_______________________________________________________________________


Friday, July 04, 2025

War on Ukraine - A Glimpse of Light in the Darkness ?

Breaking Update on July 6:
Massive Ukrainian Counterattack on Russian Military Targets




...........................


Poland's foreign minister says Vladimir Putin is making a mockery of Donald Trump's efforts to make peace in Ukraine. It comes as Volodymyr Zelenskyy hit out at Russia for its "cynical" overnight attack.

Russia launched its biggest overnight aerial attack of the war so far, with Ukraine's air force saying a combined 550 drones and missiles were fired at the country.

Kyiv was under an all-night attack, injuring at least 23 people, damaging railway infrastructure and sparking fires across Ukraine's capital, authorities said.

Russia said its forces successfully carried out strikes against military targets in the city.

Volodymyr Zelenskyy said the "cynical" attack began "almost simultaneously" with the start of yesterday's phone call between Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin.

[Sky News and other sources on July 4]


According to the German Federal Intelligence Service and two Dutch intelligence agencies, Russia is increasing its use of chemical weapons in Ukraine.

"The use of tear gas and chloropicrin by Russian troops has now become standard practice and is widespread," the German foreign intelligence agency and the Dutch military intelligence agencies MIVD and AIVD jointly reported.

Russia is thus violating the Chemical Weapons Convention, which aims to achieve a global ban on such weapons.

[DPA and other sources on July 4]



After one of Ukraine's darkest nights, China announced its readyness to come about with an own proposal to end the bloodshed in Ukraine. China, more interested in doing profitable business than in fostering military conflict as long as it doesn't touch the question of Taiwan, might have something to lure Putin and Zelenskyj into an agreement. Just listen to Mao Ning, spokeswoman for China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs five hours ago.